Category "ইংরেজি (পিকে)"

Q. What is reading? Why is reading important for learning English?

Answer:

 Reading:

Reading is a cognitive process. Generally reading is defined as a process whereby as look at and understand what is written. It means understanding a text. To read a written language is called reading.

Importance of reading:

The basic points of importance of reading are as follows:

1. Recognizing the script of language: Reading helps recognizing the script of language.
2. A way of learning: Learning a language involves acquiring four main languages skills-listening, speaking, reading and writing. As reading is a receptive skill in learning language, the importance of reading is great. So, reading may be called as a channel of learning.
3. Reading increases knowledge: Francis Beacon says, “Reading makes a man perfect”. Without developing the reading skills, we cannot acquire knowledge.
4. Reading increases vocabulary: By reading, vocabulary of the learners can be increased.
5. It helps to understand the meaning: Reading helps the readers to understand the meaning of various topics.
6. Help in recreation: Reading helps for the recreation of the learners.
7. Self-development and forming personality: Reading helps self-development and forms personality of the learners.
8. Developing intelligence and creativeness: Reading helps developing intelligence and creativeness of the learners.
9. Introduce the cultural heritage of different nations: Reading helps to introduce the cultural heritage of different nations.

Q. Write down the five stages of teaching vocabulary. How can you teach the meaning of the following words: “beautiful, hot, hair, housewife without using Bangla? Mention and describe the techniques.

Answer:

 The five stages of teaching vocabulary are-

1. Practicing and memorizing a new word,
2. Understanding and learning the meaning of a new word,
3. Helping students to develop strategies for learning vocabulary,
4. Learning the form of a new word,
5. Recording and organizing words for long-term memory.

I can teach the meaning of the following words by using the above strategies:

1. Beautiful: The word ‘beautiful’ denotes the attractive expression of any object. I can show the flowers, any picture or the character of a man that’s attractive in front of the students.
2. Hot: The word “Hot” is the state of matter. It expresses the temperature of any material or object. I can show a high temperature object in front of the students.
3. Hair: The word ‘hair’ expresses a definite part of the body of a person. I can show the picture of a person who has beautiful hair in front of the students.
4. Housewife: The word “housewife” is a married woman who manages a family and also is a mother of children of the family. I can show a family picture in front of the students and indicate the housewife in the picture. When the students receive the words, I advise them to follow the above stages.

 In the last word, if I can present the ‘new words’ perfectly in front of the students by using the stated stages, then my application will show a good result for teaching the vocabulary.

 Q. What is loud reading and silent reading?

Answer:

Loud reading:

Loud reading requires the usages of our muscles and voice box (our larynx). This is where we read out loud with our voices.

This is typical when we’re reading so others can hear or when we’re first learning how to read.

Silent reading:

Silent reading is internal reading. There is no production of speech and no motor movement of the mouth.

Silent reading is what most of us do when we’re reading on our phones and what many use while reading a book.

Q. Identify two pros and cons each for silent reading and reading aloud.

Answer

Two pros and cons each for. Silent reading and loud reading are given below….

Pros and cons of Silent reading:

Pros: (1) Teachers have free time and can walk around the class room and help individual student as they are reading.

         (2)   It can be easier for students to concentrate. especially if they have something to do while they are reading.

Cons:  (1) Students can read at their own speed. This can be difficult for teachers managing the class.

         (2) Teacher have less opportunity to check students pronunciation.

 Pros and cons of Loud Reading :

Pros:  (1) It can help students make connections Between sounds and spelling.

         (2)   If the teachers read aloud, it can it can help students to develop reading quickly.

Cons: (1) Some students May enjoy reading aloud, others students may feel Very anxious.

        (2) Students can lose concentration when listening to others read a text.

Q. What are the advantages and disadvantages of reading aloud. ?

Answer:

The pros and cons of reading aloud are described below:

•  It can help students make connection Between sounds and spelling (specially lower primary).
•  If the teacher’s read aloud. It can help students to develop reading quality (skimming text).
•  It is a chance for students to listen to English and it can help students worth pronunciation.
•  Some students may enjoy reading aloud; others students may not feel Very anxious.
•  Students can lose concentration when listening to others road a text.
•  If students are reading aloud. Then others students may not hear (especially with a large group).
•  If students reading aloud. Then only a few students get a chance to read (when it is a large group).
•  It is often different to understand a text when you read it aloud. As you are concentrating on others things.

Q. Brierly discuss the different techniques to teach new vocabulary ?

Answer:

Teachers con use different techniques to teach vocabulary. Some important techniques have been explained bellow:

(1)    Teaching the word meaning: Teacher May write not more than 5-6 words in the blackboard before letting the students read. Then the teacher’s may use pictures or may use Bangla.

(2)    Guessing the meaning from text: Teachers may use text or situation to teach vocabulary and from this text/situation students will guess the meaning of the words.

(3)    Real objects: Some new words con be taught by showing real objects.

(4)    Pictures: A teacher can use pictures, Charts, Flashcards form the magazines or she/he can draw pictures on the blackboard.

(5)    Mime, action and gesture: some words con be taught by using mimes. actions and gestures. Here mime means doing action without talking. Teacher can mime the action of eating, Sleeping, Writing, Running etc.

(6)    Explanation: A teacher may explain the meaning of difficult world by using using simple language.

(7)     Translation: To explain abstract and difficult worlds, the teachers may give bangla meaning.

Q. Write down the ways of reading and give examples.

Answer: 

The ways of reading are given below:

1. Reading a story or poem for pleasure
2. Reading a newspaper review of a new film
3. Reading an advertisement for a museum to find which days it’s open
4. Reading a cooking recipe
5. Reading a legal agreement

Q. Write two post reading activities for primary students.

Answer:

Two post reading activities for primary students’ are-

1. Asking students to say the word on the card
2. Asking students to find word in a list which is different.

How do you teach the words ‘Breakfast’ and ‘Finger’ in primary class?

Answer:

In primary classroom, teacher will say, ‘when you first take food after getting up from sleep in the morning: this food taking time is known as Breakfast’. What time do you take breakfast? What do you eat in the breakfast?

Finger: Teacher points to his or her finger to the students to understand it.

What do you mean by the sub-skills of reading?

Answer:

The activities through which; teacher develops students skills are called sub-skills of reading. Activities are:

1. Prediction: At pre reading stage, teachers can show a picture or a little and then ask the student questions about what the text will be.

2. Skimming: Skimming means reading a text quickly to get the general idea to gist about the text

3. Scanning: Scanning means reading on and listening to a text for specific information. Teacher gives some guiding questions first and asks the students to answer those questions after reading the passage

4. Intensive comprehension: The Readers try to understand both the implied and the expressive meaning in this type of reading. The teacher can check students understanding by asking question.

Q. What do you understand by skimming and scanning?

Answer:

Skimming is the action of a fast process of reading something quickly so as to note only the important Points, or quickly to get a general idea of meaning of the text even without paying attention to detail.

Scanning is reading a text quickly or sweeping the eyes over part of a text in order to find specific information.

Q. Write two post-reading activities for primary students?

Answer:

Two post-reading activities for primary students are given below:

1. Asking students to say the word on the card.
2. Asking students to find word in a list which is different.

Q. What is brain storming?

Answer:

Brain storming means to prepare the students to think about something so that they can give as many ideas as they can on that point.

Q. Write down the appropriate technique/techniques to teach the following Words?

1. Short,
2. stand- up.

Answer:

Short: is an adjective and to teach adjectives teachers need to illustrate with pictures and use the opposite word to compare.

Stand-up: is an action verb and teach action verb teachers need to show the action and give opportunities for practice to the students.

ইংরেজি পিকে বিষয়ের আরও পোস্ট দেখুন

• English PK Hand-note; Unit-1 English as an International Language
• English PK Hand-note; Unit-2 Primary English Curriculum
• English PK Hand-note; Unit-3 Learning Style and Effective Teaching
• English PK Hand-note; Unit-4 Lesson Plan
• English PK Hand-note; Unit-5 Listening Skill
• English PK Hand-note; Unit-6 Speaking skills
• English PK Hand-note; Unit-7 Reading Skill

 

Q. Write definitions of controlled guided and free speaking with examples? Write down at least 4 differences between controlled and free writing activities?

Answer:

Controlled speaking:

Repetition drills is an example of controlled speaking activities. In repetition drills students imitate what the teacher says. Repetition drills can be carried out with the whole class or smaller groups of students. The teacher monitors if students are performing the repetition drills correctly with correct pronunciation and with correct intonation. For example: Teacher: Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. Students: Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh.

Guided speaking:

A model dialogue is an example of guided speaking activities. A model dialogue is a conversation between two or more people in a narrative work. Here students can choose the topic based on their interests. Teacher gives an example of a model dialogue and asks students to paraphrase with their own words. Teacher guides the group if needed. For example-

Rahat      : Hi, Rafa !

Rafa       : Hi, Rahat !

Rahat     : Are you going to join the music club ?

Rafa      : I would love to! But I am not sure if I can join the music club ?

Rahat     : why ?

Rafa      : I have joined the sports club this term. And I will not be able to join both clubs at the same time.

Rahat      : ok, then ! wish you best of luck !

Rafa        : same to you !

Free speaking:

Group discussion is an example of free speaking activities. A group discussion judges the personality of a person, assesses a person’s leadership skills, problem – solving skills and presence of mind. Here teacher gives a topic or ask students  to choose one from a list of topics to discuss on. Students start discussing on a particular topic and teacher pays attention on students performance,take notes for individuals and pays attention to the students body language. A at end of the discussion teacher provides feedback to individuals.

Four differences between controlled and free writing activities are given below:

Controlled writing	Free writing
Students have a lot of support with the language.	Students have less support with the language.
The language is controlled by the teacher. Students have little or no choice.	Some language may be controlled by the teacher. Students have some or a lot of choice over the language that they use.
The focus of the activity is on the accuracy of the use of the language. Mistakes should be corrected.	The focus of the activity is on fluency, creativity and the message of the text.
Teacher can predict response of the students they will be able to produce and can understand what.	Teacher can predict response of the students and can understand what that they will be able to produce.

Q. Do you think speaking skill is important? Why?

Answer:

Learning a language involves acquiring four main language skills. Among those four speaking skills is in the second position. In case of learning English, the speaking skill is important for various reasons. Some of these are:

• To communicate with others: if anybody wants to express his/her feeling, thinking, emotion, problem, needs, he needs to speaks to others.
• To exchange views and ideas: it is necessary to speak to exchange own views   and ideas to others.
• To get a good job: person who have a command in spoken English can easily manage a good job.
• For higher study:  students who go for higher studies   either inside or outside the country need to speak fluently in English
• For communicating with foreigners: most of the time foreign business partner prefer to sit for a discussion in spite of regular correspondence. So, for smooth running of business speaking skill is important.
• For phone calls to other countries: Now a day’s communication through phone calls is an essential part in all the fields of life. For effective communication speaking is important.
• For travelling to other countries: While travelling in foreign countries, English speaking is must.

Q. Write about different speaking activities that you have done during school placement. How have you supported your students to develop speaking skill at that time?

Answer:

Some activities for the teachers to teach English speaking in the primary classroom are given below:

1. Teacher speaks and all the students respond
2. Teacher speaks and one student responds.
3. One student speaks to another student, the second student responds. The rest of the class listens.
4. Students speak together in pairs.
5. Students speak together in small groups.

How I have supported my students to develop speaking skill:

1. Repeating new words and phrases.
2. Joining with the students to participate in rhymes, songs and stories and encourage students to repeat key words and phrases.
3. Students can read some words and phrases aloud.
4. Memory game (I went to market and brought….)
5. Guessing game for example, asking questions to guess an animal that you are thinking of.
6. Find someone whom the students can ask questions about different topics.
7. Students pretend to be different people and act out scenes. For example, one student can be a shopkeeper and another can be a customer.

Q.  What are the problems that Bangladeshi students face in speaking English? As a teacher how can you help to overcome these problems?

Answer:

There are many problems that Bangladeshi students face in speaking English:

1. Most of the students do not get language-based environment.
2. Most of the time they do not get proper partner.
3. They cannot easily remove inertia of their mind.
4. The students are not motivated duly.
5. Want of suitable teaching materials.
6. Most of the students cannot use vocabulary properly.
7. They lack confidence while speaking.

There are various ways of overcoming these problems. The following are some of the techniques that have been found There are various ways of useful:

1. Picture interpretation: In picture interpretation, a picture may be put up on the wall and the teacher may ask several students one after another to tell the class what they can find in the picture.
2. Improvisation: By improvisation we can hear or read instantaneous dramatization of a story. In this kind of work some characters are decided and allotted there.
3. Hat discussion: Hat discussion is a sort of extempore speech making. A number of subjects are written on short slips of paper and these are put inside a hat.
4. Oral question and answer group drill: The teacher may divide the class into two groups and direct one group to ask questions and another to answer.
5. Oral question and answer chain drill: It is a method of asking question front to back. In this case, A ask B and B answers, B ask C and C answers, C ask D and D answers and so on.
6. Exchanging personal information: This technique should be used in pairs. The teacher gives the form of personal information. The students exchange their real information but they have to follow the instruction.
7. Oral repetition: In oral repetition practice the teacher presents a sentence and the students repeat it after him unless they learn it.

Q. Write down the importance of speaking skills?

Answer:

Some of the importance of speaking skills are as follows:

1. To speak with foreigners.
2. To participate in the interview.
3. English is used in the corporate offices.
4. For a good job in a foreign country.
5. To be confident before others.
6. To reply to someone speaking English.
7. Good speaking improves other skills also.
8. To explain anything clearly in English.
9. To hold a good position in the work place /society.
10. For travelling aboard comfortably.

Q. What are the productive skills?

Answer:

Both speaking and writing skills are called productive skills because they help to transfer information, reflect views, beliefs and thoughts to communicate.

Q. As a teacher how can you motivate your students to speak in English?

Answer:

As a teacher I can motivate my students to speak in English in the following way:

1. Telling the main goal of speaking English in their real life.
2. Telling the importance of speaking in the global world.
3. Giving and interesting interactive level-based activity to perform in the classroom.

Q.  What do you mean by whole class work?

Answer:

When all the students work together on the same activity and pay attention to the person who is talking in open class, then we call this whole class work. This used for presentation and giving instructions to the class. For example, Eliciting, giving instruction, explanation, moving the lesson forward i.e. the teacher is going to start the next stages of the lesson establishing basic understanding of the input.

Q. Why do students need to learn stress and syllable?

Answer:

Pronunciation is not just about sounds. Speakers of English also give stress on certain syllable in words and certain words in sentence. This means they emphasize on the syllable or the word.

Q. How can teachers assess students speaking skill? Write two ways.

Ans: Speaking means saying or telling or mentioning something to someone. After listening, the learners can acquire the ability of English. There are various ways of assessing students speaking skill. Two of them are mentioned below:

1. Showing picture: By showing picture it can be done. A picture may be put up on the wall. Then the teacher may ask several students one after another to tell what they find in the picture.
2. Telling somebody: The teacher may give the form of personal information.

Q. What are the sub-skills of speaking?

Answer:

Both accuracy and fluency are the sub-skills of speaking. Accuracy means to be correct in terms of different language points e.g., grammatical forms, rules, pronunciation etc. Fluency means to speak or write smoothly to achieve accuracy in a target language.

Q. What do you mean by small group work?

Answer:

When students are divided into groups or pair and work on the same or different activities is known as small group work. In small groups the teacher can take part, monitor or remain apart. It increases co-operation among the students and sharing of ideas through active participation. Example: discussion, question and answer, poster making, information gap, role play, ranking etc.

ইংরেজি পিকে বিষয়ের আরও পোস্ট দেখুন

• English PK Hand-note; Unit-1 English as an International Language
• English PK Hand-note; Unit-2 Primary English Curriculum
• English PK Hand-note; Unit-3 Learning Style and Effective Teaching
• English PK Hand-note; Unit-4 Lesson Plan
• English PK Hand-note; Unit-5 Listening Skill

 

_{Q. Why is listening skill important? as a teacher how will you develop your students listening skill?}

_Answer:

_{Students need to hear new words and phrases before they can say them. This will help them to pronounce the word correctly and also to remember them. Most children enjoy stories so they can be motivating.}

_{The language is often difficult but children can follow storylines if they have pictures too. when the students listen to the Language over and over again, they easily understand it and can soon learn to say language themselves. This language is also very meaningful. Audio recordings Help students listen to different Voices and accents. They prepare then for listening to English in the future.}

_{When teachers use English in the classroom for all purposes and not just as a subject they turn the classroom into an English environment. Students can see that English is used to communicate and not just to study. Most children enjoy songs and rhymes. Many songs and rhymes repeat to same sentence or words. When students Use English as much as possible, students have more listening and speaking practice. if students can listen to the texts as they read them, it will help them to learn how words are pronounced. It also helps the students to develop reading skills.}

Q. What are the principles of listening skills?

Answer:

In this part we find some principles of teching listening skills. These are-

• Teach listening strategis.
• Consider how student will response.
• Focus on process.
• Focus of the comprehension of meaning.
• Combine listening with other skills.
• Integrate listening into course.
• Use authentic language and text.
• Include both bottom to top down listening.
• Use techniques that are intrinsically motivating.
• Include local cultures.

Q. What is listening? Write the characteristics of a good listener.

Answer:

Listening is one of the four basic language learning skills. It is a receptive skill. Listening is not simply hearing. Hearing with attention is listening. It is the first stage of learning a language. Without listening none can learn a language. A good listener can be a good speaker.

Characteristics of a good listener:

To speak the truth hearing without attention is not listening. To be a good listener one must have to these characteristics.  A good listener must have the following characteristics:

• Concentrate alertly and consciously.
• Identify the central idea of the topic.
• Identify and relate the supporting ideas or detail of the speaker.
• Retain the logical sequence of the topic mentally, maintain a running summary of the speaker’s points.
• Make mental notes of agreement and disagreement.
• Ask question for clarification.
• Get distracted by the details.

Q. How can you organize listening activities in the classroom?

Answer:

In the classroom we have to maintain some activities to make activeness of the students. We must follow the three main stages in the classroom. The three stages are-

a) Pre listening,

b) During listening, and

c) After listening.

a) Pre listening: The teacher should briefly introduce the topic of the passage. The students will find out or answer orally of the clue given by the teacher. Such as: A picture is shown and asked some short questions to the students. Then the teacher should clearly explain what tha students have to do while they are listening. The teacher should clear it with simple English and with example. Teacher reads the first or two sentences of the passage, translate or get a student to translate the instractions into Bangla if necessary. This is the last resort. If the teacher always translates instructions into Bangla, the student will expect it and will not try to understand them in English.

b) During listening: Read through the passage once aloud. Students listen and try to complete the task. Repeat it for a second time for the students to check their answers and to listen for any information they have missed to pick out first time. If the passage is difficult for the students to understand, the teaches should read the passage a third time.

c) After listening: Check the answers to the task. Finally, the teacher should check the task completed correctly by the students. The students sometimes should compare  and check their answers in pair first. The teacher should write the answers on the board taking them from the students. It will be easier for other students  to check and correct their own answers.

Q. What do you do as an English teacher to build up your student’s listening skill? Describe the importance of listening skills.

Answer:

As a teacher I should try my level best to develop student’s listening skill. I do some listening tasks in tha classroom which the students can do as they listen. These activities are commonly known as listening tasks, listen and do, listen and draw, listen and decide true or false, listen and number, listen and write, listen and summerise etc.

Importance of listening skills: The importance of listening skills are given bellow:

• To develop speaking skill.
• To develop pronunciation stress and intonation.
• To develop vocabulary.
• To understand the speaker.
• To draw attention of the students to new information.
• To have a successful conversation.
• Help students to develop relationship and confidence.
• To enable us to speak clearly afterwards.
• To help in the formation of language ability.
• To take us from one stage to another.

_{Q. What are the basic skills of language ?}

_{Answer :}

_{The basics skills of language are-}

• _Listening,
• _Speaking,
• _{Reading, and}
• _Writing.

_{Q. What is mean by Pre-teaching? Give an example.}

_{Answer :}

_{The teacher identifies the new words phrases and writes them on the board. Then he/she teaches them to the students. This is called pre-teaching. For example, it may be some difficult words, phrases e.g. straight on, turn left, famous etc.}

ইংরেজি পিকে বিষয়ের আরও পোস্ট দেখুন

• English PK Hand-note; Unit-1 English as an International Language
• English PK Hand-note; Unit-2 Primary English Curriculum
• English PK Hand-note; Unit-3 Learning Style and Effective Teaching
• English PK Hand-note; Unit-4 Lesson Plan
• English PK Hand-note; Unit-5 Listening Skill
• English PK Hand-note; Unit-6 Speaking skills

 

Q. What is lesson plan? Why is a lesson plan important for teacher?

Answer:

A lesson plan is a teacher’s detailed description of the course of instruction for an individual lesson. It’s also a guide for facilitating a lesson. Here, a teacher must plan what they want to teach students, why a topic is being covered and decide how to deliver a lecture. Learning objectives, learning activities and assessments are all included in a lesson plan.

Lesson plan is important because it is effective significant components of the teaching learning process. Good lesson planning for a class will keep teacher organized and on track while teaching on. It also helps students to attain the objectives of lesson more easily. It is a step-by-step guide that provides a structure for an essential learning. Before planning a lesson it is essential to classify the learning outcomes for the class. Lesson plan also help the teacher in maintaining a standard teaching pattern and does not let the class deviate from the topic. The better prepared the teacher in planning a lesson the more likely he/she will be able manage the class well.

Q. What are the basic components of an effective lesson plan? Discuss some components of a lesson plan?

Answer:

An effective lesson plan has three basic components. Such as aim and objective of the course, teaching and learning activities and assessments to check student understanding of the topic.

There are six main components   of any successful lesson plan. These six components are given below:

Objectives: The lesson’s objectives must be clearly defined. Write what you expect your student will do by the end of the lesson. e.g. by the end of the lesson students will be able to pronounce, identify, put words, answer, use, match etc. on any verbs can be observable and measurable in the classroom.

Warm-up: Revise the previous lesson, check homework orally correct common mistakes etc.

Presentation: Present the new material using the suitable techniques, write the procedures that you will follow to explain the new material.

Practice: It is the work done by the students whether it is controlled, guided or free. Students answer some exercises based on the material presented. These exercises are often there on the set book.

Assessment: Write some sentences on the board or distribute printed papers to see whether the objectives were achieved or not and to check whether student learn or not according to the objectives.

Timing: Length of the time needed for each stage.

Q. How do lesson plans help you as a teacher?

Answer:

A lesson plan is an outline before a particular lesson which I prepare before taking the class. A lesson plan contains what will be taught, how it will be taught and with what it will be taught. Good teaching is the result of planning. Without planning, a teacher cannot teach well. A lesson plan helps me in the following ways.

• It increases my knowledge because, I have to study a lot make a standard lesson plan.
• It helps me to finish the class smoothly and successfully.
• It saves my time in the class as I don’t have to think or recall anything.
• It helps me to complete the class systematically.
• If I forget any important thing about the lesson, the lesson plan reminds me of that.
• A lesson plan helps me to select suitable teaching aids for my class.
• It gives me the opportunity to select suitable teaching techniques.
• It helps me to accomplish my class-activities without facing any unexpected situations.

Q. Why is lesson plan important for a teacher?

Answer:

A lesson plan is an outline before a particular lesson which the teacher prepares before taking the lesson. A lesson plan contains what will be taught, how it will be taught and with what it will be taught. Good teaching is the result of planning. Without planning, a teacher cannot teach well. So, planning is important.

The importance of a lesson plan are discussed below :

• Increase knowledge: The necessity of preparing a lesson note bounds the teacher to study on his subject. He has to study the text, teacher’s guide and other reference books e.g. dictionary. He may even need to consult with his colleague “So one learns while one teaches.”
• It reminds forgotten points: A lesson note reminds the teacher the points which he forgets during the class period.
• It saves time: The teacher can finish his lesson in time if give the class according to well-organized lesson plan.
• Selection of teaching aids: It helps the teacher to select suitable teaching aids for the desired effect of the lesson.
• System: A lesson plan helps the teacher to give the class systematically.
• Aim and objectives: A lesson plan helps to fulfill the aim and objectives of the lesson.
• Supplementary activities: The teacher can understand which supplementary activities are suitable for a particular lesson.
• Specific techniques: At the time of preparing the lesson plan, the teacher includes necessary teaching techniques to teach the students.
• Possible problems: The teacher can identify the possible problem that might arise during the class and the teacher can prepare himself to cope up with the problems

In conclusion, we can say that lesson plan is important for the teacher to introduce effective teaching.

Q. What is micro-teaching? Mention the advantages of Micro-Teaching.

Answer:

The word “Micro Teaching” is broadly used in different professional training specially C.in.Ed, B.Ed. and M.Ed courses. The word “Micro” is derived from a Greek word “Mikros” and its meaning is very small.

Different educationist defines micro teaching in different ways. Some noted definition are as follows:

• Mc Knight says, “Micro teaching is a seated down teaching encounter designed to develop new skills and refine old ones.
• According to Allen and Eve, “Micro Teaching is a system of controlled practice that makes to concentrate on specific teaching behavior to practice teaching under controlled condition.

Advantages of Micro Teaching:

• It is an important self-teaching technique.
• More efficiency can be achieved within a short time.
• As its area is small, so it is very easy to justify merits and defects of the lesson.
• The teacher becomes self-confident.
• It is a method of trail and errors.
• Observation is possible.
• The learners may be more benefited.

Q. What are the advantages of lesson plan? Write some guideline of making an effective lesson plan?

Answer:

Lesson plan is a significant element of teaching learning system.

Advantage of lesson plan:

• It helps in achieving goals and objectives.
• It helps to get rid of problem or avoid them.
• It improves the habit and attitude of the students.
• It gives a reality check of everyday performance.
• It improves the teaching skills.
• It makes teaching ordinary and easy.
• It makes the teacher organized during teaching.
• It develops self confidence in the teacher

Some guidelines are given below:

• Identify the learning objectives.
• Plan the specific learning activities.
• Plan to assess student understanding.
• Plan to sequence the lesson in an engaging and meaningful manner.
• Create a realistic timeline.
• Plan for a lesson closure.

Q. How does input and practice help students to complete task successfully?

Answer:

The basis of the lesson is presented in the input and the students practice to learn it. in the practice level and in the task stage. They are mainly asked to express their creative faculty on some specific point. So the learning of the input and the practice level help the students to complete the task successfully.

Q. What are the stages of an IPT linked lesson planning? What is the role of each part?

Answer:

The IPT linked lesson planning has three different but clear stages.

INPUT (or presentation) stage:

In this stage the teacher provides the text, model language or vocabulary to the students.

PRACTICE stage:

The students will do different types of activities (controlled, guided and freer) either with the help of their classmates or teachers for better understanding of the input.

TASK stage:

In this stage students get the opportunity to perform activities which could be writing, discussion or making something in order to use their new knowledge and language they have learnt in the previous stages and also the previous lessons or classes.

Q. How does micro-teaching help in the development of teaching skills?

Answer:

Micro-teaching help teachers to better understand the processes of teaching and learning and provides the opportunity to learn teaching skills, to study their own teaching, and to study the teaching of others. The trainee teacher’s micro-lesson is reviewed, discussed, analyzed, and evaluated to give a feedback.

 

Unit-03: Learning Style and Effective Teaching

Broad Questions:

Q. What do you mean by language acquisition and language learning? Describe the differences between language acquisition and language learning.

Answer:

Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive an d comprehend language (in other words, gain the ability to be aware of language and to understand it) as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate. Language learning is also a process which helps a learner to acquire language cither through formal learning situation or a self study programme. Hence, language learning is an integral port of all languages. People generally learn their own language (mother language) through listening and speaking first. Than they learn reading and writing. This is the common order of language acquisition and learning, Differences between language acquisition and language learning are described as follow.

Language learning	language Acquisition
1. It is an artificial process	1. It is an natural process
2. It is the traditional way of teaching language to students	2. A child learns the language in this process
3. Here achievement depends on conceives learning of rules and grammar of the target language	3. Here achievement depends on situational use of the target language

Q. Describe how children learn their first language or mother tongue?

Answer:

Here are some statements about has children learn their frits language on mother tongue (Bangla)

1. Children spend a long time only listening to Bangla (up to a year). They begin speaking Bangla by making sounds, then saying words, when putting words together to make sentences. They learn to read and write much later.

2. Children hear Bangla around them all the time (at home, on TV, in the street)

3. Children are very motivated to learn Bangla. They need things they want information, and they word to be friends with people.

4. Parents don’t usually teach grammar to their children. Children work out the rules slowly as they learn the language. Children imitate but they are very creative too.

Q. What do you mean by CLT? Describe the aims and objectives of CLT in the classroom?

Answer:

CLT is an approach to language teaching methodology that emphasizes authenticity, interaction student-centered learning, task-based activities and communication for the real world, meaningful purpose. Communicative language teaching can be understood as a set of principles about the goals of language teaching, how learners learn a language, the kinds of classroom activities that best facilitate learning and the roles of teachers and learners in the classroom.

The communicate approach aims at developing procedures for the teaching of the four skills that acknowledge the interdependence of language and communication. It aims to make students communicatively competent. It has some basic objectives to improve communication skills. Some of the objectives of communicative language teaching are given below.

•  It improves communicative proficiency of all the skills including reading, writing, listening and speaking.
•  It focuses on the grammatical, discourse, functional sociolinguistic of communicative competence.
•  It engages the learners in the pragmatic and functional use of language.
•  It enhances the productivity of the language in scientific ways.
•  It usually appreciates the learners to engage in linguistic interaction with real-life objectives.
•  Fluency is the first priority rather than accuracy. 

Q. Describe the classroom activities, teacher’s roles and students roles in CLT?

Answer:

Here classroom activities, teacher’s and student’s roles in CLT are described as follows:

Classroom activities in CLT:

• The learners interact with other people through pain and group work.
• Students are encouraged to concentrate on communication.
• Reading and writing may short on the first day.
• The teaching methods must be learner-centered.
•  Students should be engaged in several activates so that they can be able to generate new ideas.

Teachers roles in CLT:

Teachers play a very significant role in CLT. However, the teacher’s roles in CLT are given below:

• Teachers remain in the classroom as a facilitator to be done in the communication process among all the participants. They also encourage learners to join various activities.
• As a professor, a teacher answers the questions of the students and also cares about their performances and activities.
• The teachers also play the role of communication in the learning process. He or she also cooperates with the learning-teaching group.

Students role in CLT: Students also need to play some roles in CLT. There are given in the below:

• Learners have to create some groups among themselves for their learning purpose and taking core of how they are able to perform in the classroom.
• The students must cooperate and support each other in the group to complete their all task assigned by the responsible teacher.
• The students should be more interactive and create an interactive environment in the classroom for making the learning more case and attractive.

Q. What is classroom management? What are the general techniques for managing a class? Write down some examples of classroom language for classroom management.

Answer:

Classroom management means some techniques that are used for creating a joyful environment to make the teaching and learning process meaningful.

The teacher needs to follow general techniques for managing a class-

1. The teacher should stand up at the time to talking about an activity.
2. He/She must not comment when students are working.
3. He/She should not be afraid or anxious of silence and noise.
4. He/She must use group/pair work method so that students can get more opportunity to talk.
5. He/She will admit his/her ignorance.
6. He/She will  consult with his colleagues.
7. He/She will encourage peer confection method.
8. He/She will mention their activates.
9. He/She will praise them for their positive efforts.
10.  He/She will motivate the learners who are do motivated.

Some examples of classroom language for classroom management are given below:

Quiet please, Stop talking/playing, She! Don’t do that, please, stop that, don’t be silly, Give that to me please.

Q. Explain the benefits of using rhymes and songs in English class.

Answer:

One advantage of using rhymes/songs in the young learner classroom is their flexibility. Rhymes/songs can be used for a number of purposes and there are many reasons why rhyme can be considered a valuable pedagogical tool. But perhaps the greatest benefit to using rhymes and songs in the foreign language classroom is that they can be fun. Pleasure for its own sake is an important part of learning any foreign language, something which is often overlooked by us. Besides rhymes and songs can add interest to the classroom routing and potentially improve the students motivation. Benefits of rhymes/songs as pedagogical tools can be analyzed under the following headings:

Listening skills, speaking skills, vocabulary practice sentence structures and sentence patterns.

• Regarding the listening skills, students can become bored by repeatedly listening to a narration or dialogue as they attempt to understand the meaning of new words or phrases in context. In control, listening to a rhyme/song can also help to improve the listening skills because they provide students with practices listening to different forms of information and rhythm
• As for the speaking skills, children are other can to learn how to make new sounds and this can take a great deal of practice. Rhymes/songs can allow young children to practice a new sound without producing some level of boredom.

Q. How can you use games in language learning? Make a list of the games you can think of.

Answer:

Using games for language learning is very vital for the students. As a teacher, I am always conscious about using various kinds of games in the class for language learning. Firstly I can make all the students attentive in my class. I can make pair or groups among the students. There are several games which can be conducted individually. I can be prepared to collect and preserve teaching materials for language learning.

For the primary language learning classes, I can select the following games.

1. Pen game  

2. Picture Game

3. Preposition Game

4. Making sentence game                    

5. Cross word game                                 

6. Word cross game                             

7. Bingo game

8. Guessing game

9. Rubbing game in pair

10. Mime game

11. Possessives game, etc.

Short Question:

Q. What is language learning?

Answer:

Language learning is a conscious process. Language learning is also a process which helps a learner to acquire language either through formal learning situation on a self-study programme. Hence language learning is an integral part of all language.

Q. What is language acquisition?

Answer:

Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate.

Q. What is communicative language teaching?

Answer:

Communicative language teaching in an approach which helps children to learn English. In another hand, CLT is a realistic method of language teaching by which children learn a language in a communication way. 

Q. What are the differences between ESL and EFL?

Answer:

An ESL classroom is one in which English is the primary notional language. On the other hand, the EFL classroom is one in which English is not the native language. ESL is typically the term used in the united states and English-speaking nations where EFL is more often the term of choice in European countries.

Q. Why do the teacher need to use more and more English in the classroom?

Answer:

It is known to all that in our schools English is taught as second language. Every second language can be acquired by dint of dealing through base environment learning English properly. So, considering the real situation the teachers need to use more and more English in the classroom for our learners.

Q. Write down some guidelines for using songs/rhymes in the classroom.

Answer:

Some guidelines of using songs/rhymes in the classroom are described below:

1. Carefully examine what it is you want your class to learn in the lesson.

2. Think about the language level of your class.

3. Think about how old are your learners.

4. Are there any specific cultural issues regarding the make-up of your class?

5. What kind of access do you have to the song?

6. Miss out rhyming words: encourage children to finish the line.

7. Clap along and establish a steady beat. Say the wrong words and let your children correct you!

Q. How you can play the game “Complete the picture” ?

Answer:

I can play the game “Complete the picture” in the following ways:

(a) The teacher draws part of a picture on the board. The children copy it. The teacher tells the children how to finish the picture. For example – “Put a cat near the tree”

(b) The children work in pairs, one giving instructions to the other by rotation.

Q. Write some English phrases that you can use in the classroom?

Answer:

Here are some English that I can use in the classroom:

1. You say the words,
2. Let’s play a game.
3. Get into groups, please!
4. Five students, here!
5. Excellent! That’s very good!
6. Listen and say the words.
7. Let’s sing a song are you ready.
8. Sing slowly! sing quickly!

Q. What do you mean by input?

Answer:

Input is something given to the learners by the teacher which is the basis of a lesson. It may be written or spoken. It can be any part of a lesson unit, a picture, text, chart, diagram, map or an idea of the teacher not taken from the textbook. It is closely reacted to the learning outcomes of the lesson because all practice is base on it. It is usually used to give information’s related to learning outcomes.

ইংরেজি পিকে বিষয়ের আরও পোস্ট দেখুন

• English PK Hand-note; Unit-1 English as an International Language
• English PK Hand-note; Unit-2 Primary English Curriculum
• English PK Hand-note; Unit-3 Learning Style and Effective Teaching

দয়া করে সকলের উপকারার্থে শেয়ার করুন এবং ভবিষ্যতে নিজের ফেসবুক ওয়ালে রেখে দিন।

Unit-02: Primary English Curriculum

Board Question.

Q. What is curriculum?  Write down the main objectives of the English Primary Curriculum for Bangladesh.

Answer :

Mean of Curriculum:

The term curriculum means the sets of aims and specific objectives to be achieved by learners.; the knowledge, understanding, skills and attitudes learners must develop; possible strategies and activities for successful teaching, learning and evaluation processes for assessing students’ performance. These various components are are guided by certain principles which recognize the importance of providing a balance between the needs and interests of individuals and requirements of society and economy.

The main objectives of the English Primary Curriculum:

[…]

Unit-01: English is an international language

Lesson-1 : English: Bangladesh and Global Context

Broad Question:

Q.  Do you think English is a global language? Argue your opinion.

Or, Explain ‘‘English is an international language’’

Answer:

English is a global language and international language. English is the most frequently used language for communication with people from different countries. When we consider English as a means of communication, it can be addressed by different names such as international language, global language, and lingua franca.  Each name has different features. In defining an international language, Smith (1976) contends that a language which is used to communicate with people from different nations is called an international language. McKay (2003) notes that in global sense of EIL, the primary function of English language is to ‘enable speakers to share with others their ideas and culture’. Jenkins (2012) defines EFL as a means of communication as a common language of choice, among speakers who come from different linguacultural (language and cultural) circumstances.

To be a global language, a language needs to achieve a global status. According to David Crystal (2003), when English is a global language, it can be given official status of a country, to be used as a medium of communication in such domains as government, the law courts, the media, and the education system. In addition, a language can be made a priority in a country‘s foreign language teaching, even though this language may have no official status.  

Today 1.75 billion people speak English at a useful level (Neeley, 2012). Among them there are 400 million native speakers (Crystal, 2003, p.67), 600 million speak English as a second language, and 600 million speak English as a foreign language. More than 80% of communication in English is held between non-native speakers of English (Crystal, 2003). Similarly, Graddol (2006) projects that in the next 10–15 years, the number of English speakers is likely to reach a peak of around 2 billion. In view of the above discussion, it can be undoubtedly said that English as a global language and English as an international language is widely respected throughout the world.

Q. Why should we learn English?

Answer:

Nowadays, English is exercising a very prominent role in Bangladesh. Here are some reasons why people in Bangladesh study English.

• To study abroad.
• To pass examinations.
• To understand English literature.
• To do research most textbooks are in English.
• To read English newspapers, books and magazines.
• For higher study in Bangladesh most textbooks are in English.
• To travel to other countries.
• To use the internet and e-mail.
• To do International businesses.
• To communicate with foreigners and tourists in Bangladesh.
• To watch English films and   TV programme.
• To migrate to other countries.
• To get jobs in Bangladesh -for example, in Government service or with an NGO.
• To work abroad.

Q. Why is it necessary for primary school teacher to learn English? Give some relevant reasons in support of your opinion.

Answer:

In 1996 the Bangladesh government introduces the communicative English in the English language teaching in primary schools. In this method students are encouraged to practice four basic skills of a language; reading, writing, speaking, and listening. At present most of the students are weak in all these four basic skills of English language. As a result in the existing situation teaching and learning of English language at the primary schools in Bangladesh are of very low standard. And as a result most of the students face difficulties to communicate in English. Keeping in mind the present standard of English language teaching and to overcome the major challenges of teaching English language at the primary level in Bangladesh I think all the primary school teachers must have a strong feeling of learning English language very well. I also think after learning better English they will be able to be more communicative in their classrooms and as a result this will create a congenial environment in the classrooms for communicative English. This will also help them to use communicative English language teaching methodology in primary school.

Q. Why is English important for the people all over the world?

Or, Why do people of Bangladesh study English?

Answer:

English is a foreign language to us. It is an international language which plays vital role in Bangladesh for its vast utilization for higher education, administration, international trade and commerce related with Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, thousands of people are learning and using English for various valuable purposes in different ways. Beside this English is the  most familiar and widely used foreign language in Bangladesh. The reason behind it is that English is taught formally form the beginning of class one. At one time English was the medium of education. At present we are using English for different essential purposes I,e, higher studies , corresponding with foreign country for business and commerce, travel and English is also compulsory up to graduation level. So it can be illustrated that the English language is the language which is utilized not only Bangladesh but also in the whole world to maintain the worldliness in all spheres of leading life.  The whole world will not do without English. Bangladeshis progress is mostly relied on the development of teaching and learning of English. So it can be said that English is a powerful international language which is vastly used all over the world.

Q. Write the features of first language, second language and foreign language?

Answer:

Some important features of first language, second language, and foreign language are as below:

First language:

• First experience of language learning process;
• Begins at 2-3years of age;
• Learn from the society where he or she lives in;
• Learn through imitation, repetition, connection, and practice;
• An almost automatic process of learning;
• Learn speaking and listening skills first;
• Extensive practice lead to studying literature in the language;
• Emphasis on accuracy;
• Learn rules of the language;
• Acquire proficiency in the language;

Second language:

• Second experience of learning process;
• Begins at 5-6 years of age;
• Additional learning of language;
• Learn through practice;
• Learn almost like L1;
• Acquire four skills of language;
• Learn rules of language;
• Can study literature;
• Emphasis on accuracy;

Foreign language:

• Learn at any age;
• Learn through practice;
• Quite different from learning L1 or L2;
• Rules (grammar)is less important;
• Learn structures ;
• Communication is the target;
• Emphasis on fluency;
• Make a lot of mistakes;
• Mistakes are important only when it hampers communication
• May not study literature;

Short question

Q. What is the status of English in Bangladesh? Why?

Answer: The status of English in Bangladesh: the status of English in Bangladesh is EFL (English as a foreign language) In Bangladesh before 1971.The situation was ESL. Since Bangla become the official languages of the Country. The status of English has changed and is now taught as a foreign language. Due to socio-political reasons, the status of English in Bangladesh is EFL.

Q. What does stand for –ENL, EMT,EFL, ESL, EIL, EGL, ELF & EFT?

Answer:

ENL – English as a native language.

EMT – English as a mother tongue.

EFL – English as a foreign language.

ESL – English as a second language.

EIL – English as an international language.

EGL – English as a global language.

ELF – English as a lingua franca.

EFT – English for today.

Q. What does ENL mean?

Answer:

ENL mean English as a native language. English is taught as a native language where English is the main language of the majority of the population. The most prominent geographical areas of  ENL are Australia, Canada, England(UK), The Irish republic, Liberia, New Zealand, Northern Ireland(UK), Scotland(UK), South Africa, Wales(UK), and the United State.

Q. What does mother tongue means?

Answer:

Mother tongue: The language which a baby acquires from its mother, its natural surroundings and its own experience is called mother tongue. Bangla is our mother tongue. The English is taught as a native language or mother tongue are Australia, Canada, England(UK), The Irish republic, Liberia, New Zealand, Northern Ireland(UK), Scotland(UK), South Africa, Wales(UK), and the United State.

Q. What does EFL mean?

Answer:

EFL Mean English as a foreign language. A language you learn after your first language is called foreign language. English is taught as foreign language where English is not used much in the daily life of people, but English is learned at schools. In such countries, there is limited scope to use English out if the classroom. In Japan, China, Indonesia and The Middle East countries – English is treated as a foreign language.

Q. What does Second language mean?

Answer:

As a second language in countries where English is not the primary language but is an important and an official language Second language: The language which is not the primary language but is an important and an official language of the country. It is officially recognized.

English is taught and also were colonies of the English speaking countries. Bangladesh, Botswana, Cameroon, Cyprus, Fiji, Ghana, etc countries are prominent ESL.

Q. What is the status of English in Bangladesh? Why?

Answer:

The status of English in Bangladesh is EFL (English as a foreign language). In Bangladesh, before 1971, the situation was ESL. Since bangla become the official language of the country the status of English has changed and is now taught as a foreign language. Due to socio- political reasons the status of English in Bangladesh is EFL.

Q. What are the different of second language and foreign language?

Answer:

Second language	Foreign language
Second language is not mother tongue of a person but used predominantly in person’s local contest.	Foreign language is also not a person’s mother tongue and not predominantly used in person’s local contest.
It is typically officially recognized and accepted.	It is not typically officially recognized and accepted.
It is a survival language	It is not a survival language

Q. Why do you think it is important for people in Bangladesh to learn English?

Or, Why did you learn English?

Answer:

Learning English is important for the people of Bangladesh. People in Bangladesh study English to read English newspapers, books and magazines, to watch English films and TV programs, to get jobs in government service or with an NGO in Bangladesh, to study and work abroad, to understand English literature, to travel to other countries, to do international business, to use the internet and e-mail, to communicate with foreigners and tourists in Bangladesh, to pass examinations. Besides, Bangladeshi people study English for higher study and research because most of the textbooks are in English in Bangladesh.

Q. Why do you think it is important for primary-aged children to learn English?

Answer:

It is useful to teach English in the primary classroom because;

• It takes a long time to learn a language. Primary English gives students more time to learn English.
• Young children are often better at understanding and imitating spoken English. If they hear a lot lf English, they get used to listening to it, and they learn to say the words.
• Children in Bangladesh often don’t get enough opportunities to listen to or speak English outside the classroom. For some children, the classroom may be the only place where they can listen to, speak and read English.
• It prepares students for English at higher levels. when they reach class 6, the students will snow some vocabulary, and will be able to read and write some English.
• It can help students to feel positive about English as a subject. If they like English in primary, then many students will enjoy English in later classes.

Q. What is the status of English for global communication?

Answer:

There are different global status of English for communication such as English as an international language, English as a global language and English as a lingua franca.

Q. What is international language?

Answer:

A language that is spoken in many different countries of the world is international language. It is learnt as a second or foreign language in many countries of the world. This is also known as a world language.

ইংরেজি পিকে বিষয়ের আরও পোস্ট দেখুন

• English PK Hand-note; Unit-1 English as an International Language
• English PK Hand-note; Unit-2 Primary English Curriculum
• English PK Hand-note; Unit-3 Learning Style and Effective Teaching
• English PK Hand-note; Unit-4 Lesson Plan
• English PK Hand-note; Unit-5 Listening Skill
• English PK Hand-note; Unit-6 Speaking skills

দয়া করে সকলের উপকারার্থে শেয়ার করুন এবং ভবিষ্যতে নিজের ফেসবুক ওয়ালে রেখে দিন।